naturalis Latin · revision 7285

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Rhetorica ad Herennium|origins=la nāscor}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [naː.tuːˈraː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [na.tuˈraː.lis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''nātūrālis''' (neuter nātūrāle, adverb nātūrāliter); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[nātūra]] “nature” with the suffix [[-ālis]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation for innate qualities is from the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'', and Varro uses it of what occurs in nature.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' 86/82 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant occurring in nature, natural as opposed to artificial, as in Varro, and euphemistically ''nātūrālia'' the genitals, as in Celsus.^(OLD 2012) Of kin it meant natural as opposed to adoptive, as Cicero's ''nātūrālis pater'', and in Ulpian a son born in slavery.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) From Cicero it meant of the physical world, physical, of natural science, and of causes natural as opposed to supernatural.^(OLD 2012) It meant constituted by nature, innate, and ''iūs nātūrāle'' the ideal law implanted by nature, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012) It also meant normal, unforced, and characteristic.^(OLD 2012) Isidore calls natural philosophy the part that discusses the nature of each thing, and natural astrology that which follows the courses of sun, moon and stars.^(Isidore)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant natural, and also illegitimate.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it of a dependant whose status came by birth.^(Niermeyer 1976) Through Old French ''naturel'' and directly from Latin it gave [[en|natural]] about 1300, first “inborn, hereditary”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 86/82 BC – The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' uses it of innate qualities.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of what is natural.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses ''iūs nātūrāle'' and ''nātūrālis pater''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''natural'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|Natural]], not artificial, ''nātūrālia'', the genitals.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of kin, natural, not adoptive.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Physical; of natural science.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Innate, ''iūs nātūrāle'', [[m|en|natural law]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Normal; characteristic.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' Illegitimate.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[extranaturalis]]

+ * [[nātūrālitās]]

+ * [[nātūrālitus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nātūra]]

+ * [[nāscor]]

+ * [[en|natural]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}