farcio Latin · revision 728

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfar.ki.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfar.t͡ʃi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''farciō''' (present infinitive farcīre, perfect active farsī, supine fartum); fourth conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It goes back to [[itc-pro|*fark-je-|t=to stuff]], whose further origin is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008) The only possible cognate is [[grc|φράσσω|tr=phrássō|t=to fence in]], which does not fully match in meaning and may continue either *k or *g.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) A labiovelar root [[ine-pro|*bʰrekʷ-|t=to cram together]], set up to include [[frequens|alt=frequēns]], would have a shape not allowed in Proto-Indo-European, so de Vaan considers a root *bʰreg- or a non-Indo-European origin.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(Pokorny 1959) The TLL also mentions [[lt|brukti|t=to wedge in]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is attested from Ennius onwards,^(de Vaan 2008) who describes a horse [[m|en|stuffed]] with fodder in its stall.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The verb meant to fill completely or [[m|en|stuff]], as of a cushion stuffed with roses or a wall filled with rubble, and in cooking to stuff thrushes or sausages.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cato uses it for fattening hens and geese, and Seneca for people gorging themselves.^(OLD 2012) With ''in'' and the accusative it meant to cram something into, as rags into a mouth.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it was used for filling in or inserting words between verses of a chant.^(Stelten 1995) From this use of French ''farcir'' “to stuff” came the ''farce'', a comic interlude stuffed into a play, and [[en|farce]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of a well-fed horse.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato gives instructions for fattening hens and geese.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero describes a cushion stuffed with roses.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of gluttons stuffing themselves.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – French ''farce'' “stuffing” enters English as [[en|farce]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|stuff]], fill completely, pack.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|fatten]] (birds for the table); reflexively, to gorge oneself.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To cram (into).^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' To insert (words) between the verses of a chant.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[circumfarciō]]

+ * [[cōnferciō]]

+ * [[differtus]]

+ * [[efferciō]]

+ * [[farcīmen]]

+ * [[farsilis]]

+ * [[fartilis]]

+ * [[fartor]]

+ * [[fartum]]

+ * [[fartūra]]

+ * [[fartus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[frequēns]]

+ * [[en|farce]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}