papaver Latin · revision 7257

+ {{infobox|confidence=unknown|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [paˈpaː.wɛr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [paˈpaː.ver]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''papāver''' ''n'' or m (genitive papāveris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is unknown.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Manaster Ramer sees a reduplication of [[ine-pro|*péh₂wr̥|t=fire]], and others have linked it with [[pāscō]] “to feed” or with an imitative root *pap “to swell”.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Etymonline) Plautus, Cato and Varro treat it as masculine.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of poppy seed.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant the poppy, including the opium poppy, and in Plautus poppy seed.^(OLD 2012) Virgil has ''Lēthaeō perfūsa papāvera somnō'' “poppies steeped in the sleep of Lethe”, which Isidore quotes, calling it a sleep-bringing herb.^(Isidore) Gaffiot notes Tertullian's use for the seeds of a fig.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ British Medieval Latin used it of the poppy and its products and properties.^(DMLBS) Probably through a Vulgar Latin *papavum it gave West Germanic *papua- and Old English ''popig'', [[en|poppy]].^(Etymonline) Spanish ''amapola'' and Portuguese ''papoula'' were also borrowed from it.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of poppy seed.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it as a masculine.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil writes of poppies steeped in sleep.^(Isidore)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late Old English – English ''poppy'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|poppy]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Poppy seed.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[papāverātus]]

+ * [[papāverculum]]

+ * [[papāvereus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|poppy]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}