restore English · revision 7240

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1297|origins=la restauro}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɹɪˈstɔː/, /ɹɪˈstoɹ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is Middle English restoren, [[bor|fro|restorer]] (modern French restaurer),^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) from [[la|restauro|alt=restaurāre|t=to repair, rebuild, renew]], from [[m|la|re-|t=back, again]] and -staurāre, as in instaurāre, to renew,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) perhaps from PIE [[ine-pro|*steh₂-|alt=*sta-|t=to stand]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To give back; to build up again: 1297 in the OED, about 1300 in Barnhart and Etymonline.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ To compensate or make good a loss is from the 14th century, now rare,^(OED 1989) and to cure or bring back to health from the late 14th century.^(Etymonline) To bring back to an original state is from the 14th century and of objects or beliefs from the 1670s;^(Hoad 1986)^(Etymonline) to repair and retouch a work of art is from 1679,^(OED 1989) and to reconstruct something ancient, such as an extinct animal, in its original form from 1771.^(OED 1989) Latin restaurare could also mean to provide food, hence French [[restaurant]].^(Cresswell 2021) [[restoration|alt=Restoration]] is from before 1500.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1297 – to give back; to rebuild.^(OED 1989)

+ * late 14th century – to heal.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1679 – to repair a work of art.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1771 – to reconstruct a fossil animal.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To bring back to an earlier condition, as by repairing or cleaning.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To bring back into use or existence; to [[reinstate]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To give back something lost or stolen.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To bring back to health or strength.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[restorer]]

+ * [[restorable]]

+ * [[restorableness]]

+ * [[restoral]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[restoration]]

+ * [[restorative]]

+ * [[restaurant]]

+ * [[store]]

+ * [[instaurate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}