vindico Latin · revision 7227

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Law of the Twelve Tables|origins=la vīs, la dīcō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwɪn.dɪ.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈvin.di.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vindicō''' (present infinitive vindicāre, perfect active vindicāvī, supine vindicātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[vindex]] “claimant, defender” with the verb suffix [[-ō]].^(Wiktionary)^(Gaffiot 2016) The OLD and Lewis and Short take it as originally a third-conjugation verb from ⟨vim⟩, the accusative of [[vīs]] “force”, and [[dīcō]] “to say”, compare [[vindicta]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The Law of the Twelve Tables has a present ⟨vindicit⟩, and a false derivation from ⟨vēnum dīcō⟩ led to the spelling ⟨vendicō⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from the Law of the Twelve Tables, of the action of a ''vindex''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In law it meant to assert one's title to something in another's possession, claim as one's property, as in Cicero, and Gaffiot describes the old procedure in which both parties laid hands on the thing before the praetor.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant to lay claim to, arrogate, to claim territory, to claim to be, and in Quintilian to adopt a form or spelling.^(OLD 2012) ''In lībertātem vindicāre'' was to claim a person as free, and figuratively to liberate a people, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012) It meant to rescue from danger, as in Plautus, to absolve, and in Cato to exact reparation for a wrong, punish, avenge, and to avenge a person.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to claim, avenge.^(Stelten 1995) Through Old French ''vengier'' it gave [[en|venge]] about 1300, and its participle gave [[en|vindicate]] in the 1620s, first meaning “to avenge”.^(Etymonline) It survives in Spanish ''vengar'' and Portuguese ''vingar''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Law of the Twelve Tables has ''vindicit''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of rescuing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of punishing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of claiming property and of liberating.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1620s – English ''vindicate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(law)'' To claim as one's property.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To lay claim to, arrogate; to claim to be.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''in lībertātem vindicāre'', to claim as free; to liberate.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To rescue, free; to absolve.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To punish, [[m|en|avenge]]; to take revenge.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[revindicō]]

+ * [[vindicātiō]]

+ * [[vindicātor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vindex]]

+ * [[vindicta]]

+ * [[vīs]]

+ * [[dīcō]]

+ * [[en|vindicate]]

+ * [[en|revenge]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}