vacatio Latin · revision 7212

16 Oct 2026, 13:19 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
Initial text

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la vacō}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [waˈkaː.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [vaˈkat.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''vacātiō''' ''f'' (genitive vacātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[vacō]] “to be empty, free” with the suffix [[-tiō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Inscriptions have ⟨vocātiō⟩.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Cicero, of exemption and of exemption from military service.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant exemption from a duty or liability, immunity, as Cicero's ''vacātiōnem sūmptūs, labōris, mīlitiae'' “exemption from expense, labour and service”, and especially from military service.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Tacitus it was a payment by a soldier to his centurion to be excused duties, and in Cicero an excuse.^(OLD 2012) In Seneca it meant freedom from anything harmful, and in Livy respite from work, a holiday.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant exemption, suspension, vacancy, vacation.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it of idleness, school holidays and the vacancy of an office.^(Niermeyer 1976) [[en|vacation]] came in the late 14th century, first meaning freedom from obligations, leisure.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of exemption.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of a holiday.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of a soldier's payment.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''vacation'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # [[m|en|Exemption]], immunity; exemption from military service.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A payment for exemption from duties.^(OLD 2012)
+ # An excuse.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Freedom from harm.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Respite, a holiday, [[m|en|vacation]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The vacancy of an office.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[vacō]]
+ * [[vacuus]]
+ * [[en|vacation]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}