universalis Latin · revision 7209

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Quintilian|origins=la ūnus, la vertō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [uː.nɪ.wɛrˈsaː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [u.ni.verˈsaː.lis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ūniversālis''' (neuter ūniversāle, adverb ūniversāliter); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[ūniversus]] “whole, all together” with the suffix [[-ālis]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's and Lewis and Short's earliest citations are from Quintilian, of rules with general application, ''praecepta ūniversālia''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Quintilian c. 35–95/96 AD.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant having general application, universal, and Lewis and Short call it post-Augustan.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Quintilian uses it of general rules and questions.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Boethius has a comparative ''ūniversālior''.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant universal, of all.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it of the universal in logic, and of the Church as universal, catholic, ecumenical.^(Niermeyer 1976) British Medieval Latin used it in medicine, in logic of a universal proposition, and as a noun for a universal in philosophy.^(DMLBS) [[en|universal]] came through Old French in the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it of general rules.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''universal'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # General, [[m|en|universal]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Of the Church, universal, [[m|en|ecumenical]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin, logic)'' Universal; as a noun, a universal.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ūniversus]]

+ * [[ūniversitās]]

+ * [[en|universal]]

+ * [[en|universe]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}