rota Latin · revision 720

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈrɔ.ta]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈrɔː.ta]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rota''' ''f'' (genitive rotae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*rotā-|t=wheel]], from [[ine-pro|*Hrot-o-|t=revolving]], an adjective from the root [[m|ine-pro|*Hret-|t=to run, roll]], of which ''rota'' is the feminine used as a noun.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Scholars differ on the exact derivation.^(Wiktionary) [[rotundus]] “round” is formed from the same root.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Cognate with [[sga|roth|t=wheel]], [[cy|rhod|t=wheel]], [[lt|rãtas|t=wheel, circle]], [[goh|rad|t=wheel]] and [[sa|रथ|tr=rátha-|t=chariot]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Pokorny 1959)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is attested from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008)^(DÉRom) who calls a cunning slave “more twisty than a potter's [[m|en|wheel]]”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its main sense was the wheel of a vehicle, and poets used it for the chariot of the sun or the moon and, in the plural, for a vehicle in motion.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It named many machines: the water wheel, the wheel of a hoist, mill wheels, rollers, and the potter's wheel.^(OLD 2012) It was also the torture wheel, Ixion's wheel in the underworld, and Fortune's wheel.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In astronomy it meant the disc of a heavenly body or an imaginary circle in the sky.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Church usage the ''Rota'' is a tribunal of the papal Curia.^(Stelten 1995)^(Köbler 2010) The word survives in every Romance language except Vegliote, as French ''roue'' and Spanish ''rueda'',^(DÉRom) and its verb ''rotāre'' is the ultimate source of [[en|rodeo]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus mentions the potter's wheel.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato mentions a water wheel.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius writes of iron-rimmed wheels.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of the torture wheel and of Fortune's wheel.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Middle Ages – The ''Rota'' becomes the papal court of appeal.^(Köbler 2010)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|wheel]] of a vehicle, (poetic) a chariot.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A wheel in a machine: water wheel, hoist, mill wheel, roller.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A potter's wheel.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A wheel of torture, or Fortune's wheel.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The disc of a heavenly body; a circle in the heavens.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' The ''Rota'', a tribunal of the papal Curia.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[birotus]]

+ * [[rotalis]]

+ * [[rotāris]]

+ * [[rotella]]

+ * [[rotō]]

+ * [[rotula]]

+ * [[rotulus]]

+ * [[rotundus]]

+ * [[rotābilis]]

+ * [[rotātim]]

+ * [[rotātiō]]

+ * [[rotātor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[petorritum]]

+ * [[en|rotund]]

+ * [[en|rodeo]]

+ * [[en|rotate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}