recognosco Latin · revision 7177
16 Oct 2026, 13:19 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la nōscō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [rɛ.kɔŋˈnoːs.koː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [re.koɲˈɲɔs.ko]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''recognōscō''' (present infinitive recognōscere, perfect active recognōvī, supine recognitum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[re-]] “again” and [[cognōscō]] “to get to know”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) A military diploma spells it ⟨recoc-⟩.^(TLL)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Cicero, of examining and of recognizing.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to know again, recognize, recall to mind, and Lewis and Short note it is especially frequent in Cicero, as his view that the soul does not learn but recalls things.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant to examine, review, inspect, and to check a document for accuracy.^(OLD 2012) In Seneca it meant to acknowledge.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to review, inspect, recognize, approve, certify, authorize.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''riconoscere'' and French ''reconnaître''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|recognize]] came in the early 15th century through Old French ''reconoistre'', first in law, and older French ''reconnoitre'' gave [[en|reconnoiter]] in 1707.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of recognizing and of examining.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of acknowledging.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * early 15th century – English ''recognize'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ * 1707 – English ''reconnoiter'' is recorded, from French.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To examine, review, [[m|en|inspect]]; to check a document.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To acknowledge.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To [[m|en|recognize]], recall to mind.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' To certify, authorize.^(Stelten 1995)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[recognitiō]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[accognōscō]]
+ * [[cognōscō]]
+ * [[percognōscō]]
+ * [[praecognōscō]]
+ * [[nōscō]]
+ * [[en|recognize]]
+ * [[en|reconnoiter]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}