rapidus Latin · revision 7175
16 Oct 2026, 13:18 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la rapiō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈra.pɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈraː.pi.dus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''rapidus''' (feminine rapida, neuter rapidum, comparative rapidior, superlative rapidissimus, adverb rapidē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[rapiō]] “to snatch, carry off” with the suffix [[-idus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) Wiktionary compares the development of Irish ⟨sciobtha⟩ “quick” from ⟨sciob⟩ “to snatch”.^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of a strong-flowing river.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ Its literal sense, tearing, seizing, of wild beasts, is very rare and poetic, as in Ovid.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant of rivers and winds strong-flowing, carrying all before them, then swiftly moving, rapid, as in Virgil, of time headlong, as in Lucretius, of speech rapid, as in Cicero, and in Tacitus of a poison swift.^(OLD 2012) In Catullus it meant of the sun or fire scorching, consuming, and of people or animals violent, fierce.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant rapid, swift, quick, seizing, tearing.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''ratto'', Spanish ''raudo'' and Romanian ''repede'', and [[en|rapid]] came in the 1630s from French ''rapide'' and directly from Latin.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a river.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of headlong time.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it of the scorching sun.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of swift motion.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1630s – English ''rapid'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Of rivers or winds, strong-flowing, violent.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Swift, [[m|en|rapid]], quick.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Scorching, consuming.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Violent, fierce; seizing.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[praerapidus]]
+ * [[rapiditās]]
+ * [[rapidulus]]
+ * [[rapidē]]
+ * [[*rapidium]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[rapiō]]
+ * [[en|rapid]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}