quasso Latin · revision 7172

16 Oct 2026, 13:18 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la quatiō}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkʷas.soː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkʷas.so]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''quassō''' (present infinitive quassāre, perfect active quassāvī, supine quassātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is the frequentative of [[quatiō]] “to shake” with the suffix [[-tō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Plautus has an old form ⟨cassō⟩.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of shaking repeatedly and of a shaking head.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to shake repeatedly, toss, and to shake the head in sorrow or anger, as in Ennius and Virgil's ''caput quassāre'', and to brandish a weapon, as Virgil's ''hastam''.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant to make structures or the body tremble, as in Pliny, to batter, bruise, shatter with repeated blows, as in Lucretius, and to weaken or impair, also financially, as in Seneca.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to shake, shatter, break.^(Stelten 1995) Through Old French ''quasser'', ''casser'' it gave [[en|quash]] in the sense “to break, crush” in the early 14th century; the other sense “to annul” goes back to Late Latin ''cassāre'', from [[cassus]] “empty, void”.^(Etymonline) It survives in French ''casser'', Italian ''squassare'', and Spanish ''quejar'' and Portuguese ''queixar''.^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of shaking.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of shaking the head.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of battering.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * early 14th century – English ''quash'' “to crush” is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To shake repeatedly; to shake the head; to brandish.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To make tremble.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To batter, shatter, bruise.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To weaken, impair.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[cassābundus]]
+ * [[conquassō]]
+ * [[inquassatus]]
+ * [[quassābilis]]
+ * [[quassātiō]]
+ * [[quassātūra]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[quatiō]]
+ * [[concutiō]]
+ * [[en|quash]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}