qualis Latin · revision 7171

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *kʷo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkʷaː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkʷaː.lis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''quālis''' ^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from Proto-Italic *kʷālis, perhaps from [[ine-pro|*kʷeh₂-li-s]], from a feminine or collective form of the interrogative and relative stem [[ine-pro|*kʷo-]] with an ⟨l⟩-suffix.^(Wiktionary) The OLD analyses it as the stem of [[quī]] with the suffix [[-ālis]].^(OLD 2012) Cognate with [[grc|πηλίκος|tr=pēlíkos|t=how great]].^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Ennius, whom he dates 204–169 BC, and the OLD's earliest citation for the exclamatory use is from Ennius.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As an interrogative it meant of what kind, what sort of, as Cicero's ''quālis ista philosophia est?'' “what sort of philosophy is that?”, and of persons what is he like, and in what state.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In exclamations it meant what a remarkable, or ironically what a, as in Lucretius.^(OLD 2012) As a relative it meant such as, with the correlative ''tālis'', in comparisons and similes, and in Virgil ''quālis ubi'' “as when”.^(OLD 2012) In Cicero's logic it meant having certain qualities, determinate.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant what manner, what kind, such as.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''quale'', French ''quel'', Spanish ''cual'' and Romanian ''care''.^(Wiktionary) Its noun ''quālitās'', said to be coined by Cicero, gave [[en|quality]] about 1300.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it in exclamation.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it in questions and comparisons.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it in logic.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''quality'' is recorded, from ''quālitās''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(interrogative)'' Of what kind? what sort of?^(OLD 2012)

+ # What is he like? in what state?^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(exclamatory)'' What a!^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(relative)'' Such as; as, ''quālis ubi'', as when.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(logic)'' Having qualities, determinate.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ecquālis]]

+ * [[quāliscumque]]

+ * [[quālislibet]]

+ * [[quālisquālis]]

+ * [[quālitās]]

+ * [[quālificō]]

+ * [[quāliter]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hic]]

+ * [[is]]

+ * [[quisque]]

+ * [[quispiam]]

+ * [[alius]]

+ * [[eiusmodī]]

+ * [[eiusdemmodī]]

+ * [[cuiusmodī]]

+ * [[cuiusmodīcumque]]

+ * [[cuiusvīsmodī]]

+ * [[tālis]]

+ * [[quī]]

+ * [[en|quality]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}