pulso Latin · revision 7159

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la pellō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpʊɫ.soː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpul.so]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pulsō''' (present infinitive pulsāre, perfect active pulsāvī, supine pulsātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the frequentative of [[pellō]] “to drive, strike”, from its supine stem ⟨puls-⟩ with the suffix [[-tō]]; compare [[pultō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) Lucretius has the old infinitive ⟨pulsārier⟩.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of knocking at a building's door.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to strike repeatedly, beat, especially the breast in mourning, as in Virgil, to beat the ground with the feet, the water in swimming or rowing, and hyperbolically of things so high they beat the sky.^(OLD 2012) It meant to knock at a door, as in Plautus and Horace, of feelings to hammer at the heart, to strike a musical instrument, and in Cicero to beat, assault a person.^(OLD 2012) It meant to batter a wall, of waves and winds to beat on, of sounds to strike the senses, to importune with prayers, and in Ulpian to indict.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to push, impel, as Cicero's atoms “pushed and tossed”, and to send packing.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Döderlein explains that the ''verberāns'' makes his blow rebound.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to knock, strike, beat on, ring.^(Stelten 1995) Through Old French ''poulser'' it gave [[en|push]] about 1300.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of knocking.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of beating the ground.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of assault and of pushing.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''push'' is recorded, through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To beat, strike repeatedly; to beat the breast.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To knock at a door.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of feelings, to hammer at.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To strike an instrument.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To beat, assault, ''(law)'' to indict.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To batter; of waves, to beat on.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To strike the senses; to importune.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|push]], impel; to drive away.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[circumpulsō]]

+ * [[compulsō]]

+ * [[dēpulsō]]

+ * [[expulsō]]

+ * [[prōpulsō]]

+ * [[pulsābulum]]

+ * [[pulsātiō]]

+ * [[pulsātor]]

+ * [[repulsō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pellō]]

+ * [[pulsus]]

+ * [[en|push]]

+ * [[en|pulse]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}