priscus Latin · revision 7151

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *préy}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpriːs.kʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpris.kus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prīscus''' (feminine prīsca, neuter prīscum, adverb prīscē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from *pris-kos, supposedly earlier *prius-cus, from the stem of [[prior]] “former”, compare [[prīstinus]]; ultimately from [[ine-pro|*préy|t=before]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The OLD compares [[grc|πρέσβυς|tr=présbus|t=old man]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Ennius, whom he dates 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's earliest citations are from Cicero and Virgil.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant of former times, ancient, and ''Prīscī Latīnī'' were the pre-Roman people of Latium, as in Virgil, and ''prīscī'' the men of old, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012) It meant long-existing, ancient, old-fashioned, archaic, and of morals conforming to an old standard.^(OLD 2012) Gaffiot notes it implies something forgotten, not found any more.^(Gaffiot 2016) Döderlein explains that ''antīquus'' and ''prīscus'' denote what existed before and is no more, ''vetus'' what has long existed.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant original, ancient, venerable.^(Stelten 1995) As a cognomen ''Prīscus'' was borne by Tarquinius Priscus, the fifth king of Rome, so called, according to Festus, because he came before Tarquin the Proud.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius has the word.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses ''prīscī'' of the ancients.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses ''Prīscī Latīnī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of former times, [[m|en|ancient]], ''prīscī'', the ancients.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Long-existing, old.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Old-fashioned, archaic; of strict old morals.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[prīstinus]]

+ * [[prior]]

+ * [[antīquus]]

+ * [[vetus]]

+ * [[en|pristine]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}