corpus Latin · revision 715

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkɔr.pʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkɔr.pus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''corpus''' ''n'' (genitive corporis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*korp-os-]], from [[ine-pro|*ḱr̥p-os-|t=body]], a neuter s-stem.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The Italic, Celtic and Germanic forms point to a velar and to an ablaut between *-r̥- and *-re-.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Cognate with [[mga|crí|t=body]], [[sa|कृप्|tr=kṛp-|t=appearance, form]], [[ae|kəhrp-|t=form, body]], [[ang|hrif|t=belly, womb]] and [[goh|href|t=body, womb]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Isidore of Seville derived it from [[corruptio|alt=corruptiō]] “decay”, because the body perishes.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Naevius onwards,^(de Vaan 2008) who speaks of the guards of a king's [[m|en|body]].^(OLD 2012) Ennius has it for a body torn apart with the sword.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word meant the body of a person or animal, as the seat of health and strength, as used in sex, as the centre of physical needs, and as distinct from the soul.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It meant a corpse, a person's outward appearance or complexion, flesh, and the trunk of a body or a tree.^(OLD 2012) Standing for the whole person, it gave phrases such as ''corporis custos'' “bodyguard”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ From the physical body it extended to any structure: the frame of a ship, the body politic (''corpus rei publicae''), an organized body of people, a guild, and a social class.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Philosophers and Lucretius used it for matter and for atoms, and later writers for a compilation of writings or a code of law.^(OLD 2012)^(Niermeyer 1976) In medieval Latin it also meant the nave of a church and the bulk of a fortune.^(Niermeyer 1976) Köbler also records the sense “host” of the Eucharist, and ''Corpus Christi'' became the name of the feast of the Blessed Sacrament.^(Köbler 2010)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it of a king's person.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it for a body cut apart.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it for material bodies and atoms.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of the body politic and of the body as the soul's container.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century BC – Vitruvius speaks of bringing a whole discipline into one ''corpus''.^(OLD 2012)

+ * Middle Ages – It means the nave of a church and a law code.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|body]] of a person or animal; the constitution, strength.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # The body as distinct from the soul.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A dead body, [[m|en|corpse]].^(OLD 2012)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # One's outward appearance, physique, complexion.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Flesh; the pulp of a fruit; solid substance.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A framework, structure; the body politic.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The trunk of a body; the main part of a plant; the shaft of a column.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A person, individual.^(OLD 2012)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # A material object; matter; a particle, atom.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Size, bulk.^(OLD 2012)

+ # An organized body of people; a corps of troops; a guild; a class.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A comprehensive collection of writings, a [[m|en|corpus]]; the total of an estate.^(OLD 2012)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The nave of a church.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[bicorpor]]

+ * [[corporālis]]

+ * [[corporeus]]

+ * [[corporō]]

+ * [[corporosus]]

+ * [[corpulentus]]

+ * [[corpusculum]]

+ * [[corporascō]]

+ * [[corporicīda]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[corporālitās]]

+ * [[corporāliter]]

+ * [[corporātiō]]

+ * [[corporātīvus]]

+ * [[corporātūra]]

+ * [[corporātus]]

+ * [[corpulentia]]

+ * [[en|corpse]]

+ * [[en|corset]]

+ * [[en|corporal]]

+ * [[en|corps]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}