apologize English · revision 7142

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1596}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /əˈpɒləˌd͡ʒaɪz/ ''(UK)''; /əˈpɑləˌd͡ʒaɪz/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[apology]] and [[-ize]],^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) after Greek [[m|grc|ἀπολογίζομαι|tr=apologízesthai|t=to give an account]], from apologos (see [[apologue]]);^(NODE 1998)^(SOED 2002) NODE notes that in English the verb has always been used as if derived from apology.^(NODE 1998)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To speak in defence or justification of something: 1596 in MWU, 1597 in the OED, the 1590s in Etymonline.^(MWU 2024)^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The Greek verb meant simply to give an account.^(Etymonline) To acknowledge a fault regretfully, the main modern sense, is attested by 1725.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1596 – to speak in defence.^(MWU 2024)

+ * 1725 – to express regret.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To express regret for a wrong or offence; to say [[sorry]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To make a formal defence or justification.^(AHD)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[apologizer]]

+ * [[reapologize]]

+ * [[unapologizing]]

+ * [[apologist]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[apology]]

+ * [[apologetics]]

+ * [[apologetic]]

+ * [[apologia]]

+ * [[logic]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ British English also spells it apologise.^(SOED 2002)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}