fingo Latin · revision 714

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfɪŋ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfiŋ.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fingō''' (present infinitive fingere, perfect active fīnxī, supine fictum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*finge/o-|t=to knead, form]], a nasal present [[inh|ine-pro|*dʰi-n-ǵʰ-]] from the root [[m|ine-pro|*dʰeyǵʰ-|t=to knead clay, form, build]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The perfect [[m|la|fīnxī]] is a later formation, while [[figulus]] “potter” and [[figura]] keep a form without the nasal.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Cognate with [[xfa|fifiked|t=made]], [[osc|feíhúss|t=walls]], [[sa|देग्धि|tr=dégdhi|t=smears, plasters]], [[grc|τεῖχος|tr=teîkhos|t=wall]], [[lt|žiẽsti|t=to mould from clay]] and [[got|𐌳𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽|tr=digan|t=to knead, mould]], related to [[en|dough]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008) who has a slave say that the wise man “shapes his own fortune”.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012) Cato uses it of shaping a [[m|en|cake]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The verb meant to shape by hand from clay, wax or dough, and so to create, as of a god forming the world, and of sculptors to model a likeness.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It meant to arrange or groom the hair, to train or mould a person, and to compose poems or coin words.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to picture in the mind, to imagine or suppose.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ From imagining it passed to inventing: to make up a story or charge, to feign or pretend, and in law to assume as a fiction.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) The participle ''fictus'' meant “false, hypocritical”.^(OLD 2012) Through Old French ''feindre'' it gave [[en|feign]] and [[en|feint]], and its derivatives ''fictio'' and ''figura'' gave [[en|fiction]] and [[en|figure]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of shaping one's fortune.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato gives recipes for shaping cakes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of Polyclitus modelling Hercules and of a god fashioning the world.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of inventing excuses.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 2nd century AD – Gaius uses it for a legal fiction.^(OLD 2012)

+ * c. 1300 – Through French it gives [[en|feint]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To shape, form, fashion (from clay, wax, dough); to knead.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To create, produce.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To model, sculpt a likeness of.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To arrange, groom; to transform.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To mould, train (a person).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To compose (poems); to coin (words).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To devise, contrive.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To picture in the mind, [[m|en|imagine]], suppose.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To invent, fabricate; to [[m|en|feign]], pretend, ''(law)'' to assume as a fiction.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # To touch, stroke gently.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[affingō]]

+ * [[circumfingō]]

+ * [[cōnfingō]]

+ * [[dēfingō]]

+ * [[diffingō]]

+ * [[effingō]]

+ * [[fictīcius]]

+ * [[fictilis]]

+ * [[fictiō]]

+ * [[fictor]]

+ * [[fictrix]]

+ * [[fictūra]]

+ * [[figulus]]

+ * [[figūra]]

+ * [[effigiēs]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|feign]]

+ * [[en|fiction]]

+ * [[en|figure]]

+ * [[en|effigy]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}