praemium Latin · revision 7139
16 Oct 2026, 13:18 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Ennius|origins=la prae, la emō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈprae̯.mi.ũː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈprɛː.mi.um]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''praemium''' ''n'' (genitive praemiī or praemī); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from *prai-emiom, a compound of [[prae]] “before” and [[emō]] “to take, buy”, “what one has got before or better than others”.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Varro derived it from [[praeda]] “booty”.^(TLL)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Ennius, of a payment or inducement.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ Lewis and Short take its first sense to be profit from booty, as in poetry, and the OLD has plunder, prize, from Plautus.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) It meant a payment for a service, an inducement, sometimes practically a bribe, as in Ennius, and a reward for merit or hardship, a prize, as in Plautus.^(OLD 2012) In law it meant a privilege, a benefit, as in Cicero, and Virgil uses it ironically of punishment.^(OLD 2012) Lucretius has ''praemia vītae'' “the advantages of life”.^(Gaffiot 2016) Döderlein explains that ''praemium'' is a prize of honour, opposed to ''poena''.^(Döderlein 1874)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant reward, prize, recompense.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian and Spanish ''premio'', and [[en|premium]] came about 1600, first “a reward given for a specific act”.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of a payment.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a reward and of booty.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a legal privilege.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1600 – English ''premium'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A payment, inducement; a bribe.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A [[m|en|reward]], prize.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A privilege, advantage.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ # Booty, plunder.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[praemiōsus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[emō]]
+ * [[praeda]]
+ * [[mercēs]]
+ * [[en|premium]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}