pomum Latin · revision 7133

16 Oct 2026, 13:18 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=Cato}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpoː.mũː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpɔː.mum]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''pōmum''' ''n'' (genitive pōmī); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*poomos]], likely from *po-emo- “picked off”, compare [[emō]], or possibly *po-omo- or *pe-omo-.^(Wiktionary) The OLD marks it as doubtful, and Lewis and Short relate it to the root of [[pāscō]] “to feed”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) A feminine ⟨pōmus⟩ “fruit tree” is also found.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Cato, of a fruit tree.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cato 234–149 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant a fruit tree, as in Cato, and a fruit of any kind, apples, cherries, nuts, figs, dates, as in Varro, Cicero and Virgil.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Celsus it meant especially an orchard fruit, and Pliny applies it to other edible parts of plants.^(OLD 2012) Petronius uses it contemptuously of a person, “a fine specimen”.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant an apple, a fruit.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''pomo'' and Romanian ''pom'', and its plural ''pōma'' gave Old French ''pome'' and French ''pomme''.^(Wiktionary) Its Medieval Latin diminutive ''pōmellum'' gave [[en|pommel]] in the mid-13th century.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of a fruit tree.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of fruit.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of fruit.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * mid-13th century – English ''pommel'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A fruit tree.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A [[m|en|fruit]]; an orchard fruit.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Of a person, a fine specimen.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' An [[m|en|apple]].^(Stelten 1995)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[pōmārium]]
+ * [[pōmārius]]
+ * [[pōmētum]]
+ * [[pōmifer]]
+ * [[pōmōsus]]
+ * [[pōmusculum]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[Pōmōna]]
+ * [[pōmus]]
+ * [[en|pommel]]
+ * [[en|pomade]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}