pinna Latin · revision 7132

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpɪn.na]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpin.na]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pinna''' ''f'' (genitive pinnae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain, and Wiktionary suggests that two sources have merged.^(Wiktionary) In the sense “fin” it may be from [[ine-pro|*(s)piHn-|t=backbone, dorsal fin]], cognate with [[sga|ind|t=end, point]] and [[en|fin]].^(Wiktionary) In the other senses the OLD takes it as probably a dialect variant of [[penna]] “feather”, from Proto-Italic *petnā, from [[ine-pro|*peth₂-|t=to fly]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Isidore derives it from ⟨pendēre⟩ in the sense of flying.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of a feather.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a feather, as in Plautus, Cicero and Varro, also adapted to various uses, and a bird's wing, as Cicero's, and the wings of mythical creatures, as in Ennius.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Ovid it meant a fin.^(OLD 2012) From Varro it meant a merlon of a battlement, and in Vitruvius a paddle of a waterwheel and a key of a water organ.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein explains that ''āla'' is the wing as a limb, ''penna'' with reference to its feathers.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant a feather, wing, edge, pinnacle, point.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it of a gable or steeple and of a rock or hill.^(Niermeyer 1976) Its Late Latin derivative ''pinnāculum'' gave [[en|pinnacle]] about 1300, and through Italian and French [[en|panache]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a feather.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of mythical wings.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of a merlon.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''pinnacle'' is recorded, from ''pinnāculum''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|feather]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A wing.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|fin]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A merlon of a battlement.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A paddle of a waterwheel; a key of a water organ.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A gable, steeple; a rock.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pinnāculum]]

+ * [[pinnātus]]

+ * [[pinniger]]

+ * [[pinnipēs]]

+ * [[pinnirapus]]

+ * [[pinnula]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[penna]]

+ * [[āla]]

+ * [[en|pinnacle]]

+ * [[en|panache]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Pinna'', properly ''pīna'', is also a kind of mussel.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Pinna was also a town of the Vestini.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}