determination English · revision 7131

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1395|origins=la determino}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃən/ ''(UK)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is Middle English determinacioun, [[bor|fro|determinacion|t=determination, settlement, definition]] and directly Medieval Latin [[m|la-med|determinatio|t=a settlement]], from Latin determinatio, a boundary, end,^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024)^(SOED 2002) from [[m|la|determino|alt=dētermināre|t=to enclose, bound, set limits to]] (see [[determine]]).^(Etymonline)^(NODE 1998)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A decision or sentence in a lawsuit, an authoritative judicial settlement: 1395 in the OED, the mid-14th century in Etymonline.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The settling of a question by reasoning is from about 1400, and the defence of a thesis in a scholastic disputation from 1408.^(OED 1989) An ending or termination is from 1483, surviving in law for the end of an estate (1495).^(OED 1989) A conclusion or result ascertained is from the 1560s, and the action of definitely ascertaining from the 1670s.^(Etymonline) A fixed direction towards a goal is from the 1650s, in physics or anatomy;^(Etymonline) metaphorically, fixation of the will, mental resolution, is from the 1680s, and firmness of purpose as a character trait by 1822.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1395 – a judicial decision.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1483 – an ending.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1560s – a conclusion.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1680s – mental resolution.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1822 – resoluteness of character.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Firmness of purpose; [[resolve]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # The process of establishing something exactly by calculation or research.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(law)'' The settlement of a dispute by a court's decision.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(law)'' The ending of an estate or interest.^(Collins 2023)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[nondetermination]]

+ * [[codetermination]]

+ * [[indetermination]]

+ * [[overdetermination]]

+ * [[predetermination]]

+ * [[redetermination]]

+ * [[self-determination]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[determine]]

+ * [[determined]]

+ * [[terminate]]

+ * [[term]]

+ * [[terminal]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}