crispus Latin · revision 713

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkrɪs.pʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkris.pus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''crispus''' (feminine crispa, neuter crispum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It goes back to [[itc-pro|*krispo-|t=curly, twisted]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Many scholars, followed by the OLD, start from *kripso- because of [[cy|crych|t=curly, wrinkled]] and [[br|crec'h|t=curly]], but Schrijver has shown that /ps/ and /sp/ give the same result in British Celtic.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) De Vaan therefore prefers Italo-Celtic *kris-po-, linking it with [[crinis|alt=crīnis]] “hair” and [[crista]] “crest”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Pokorny and Köbler trace the group to [[ine-pro|*(s)ker-|t=to turn, bend]].^(Pokorny 1959)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who mocks “your artificial, arranged, [[m|en|curly]] locks”, and Ennius has walls of “crumpled” fir wood in a burnt palace.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense was curly or curled, of hair and of curly-headed people.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It extended to anything wrinkled or crinkled, such as cabbage, celery and lettuce leaves, and to wood and marble with a wavy grain.^(OLD 2012) It also meant tremulous or vibrating, of a serpent's tongue or of a dancer's hips, and Aulus Gellius applied it to an elaborate style.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ As a cognomen it was borne by the historian Sallust, C. Sallustius Crispus.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) [[en|crisp]] was borrowed in Old English in the sense “curly”, and French ''crêpe'' gave [[en|crepe]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of fir wood warped by fire.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of curly locks and curly-haired men.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato describes a curly kind of cabbage.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of wavy-grained wood and marble.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 67–c. 127 AD – Juvenal speaks of a vibrating plectrum.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|curly|alt=Curly]], curled; curly-haired.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Wrinkled, crinkly; of leaves, crisped.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of wood or marble) Wavy-grained.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Trembling, vibrating.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of style) Elegant, elaborate.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[concrispus]]

+ * [[crispicapillus]]

+ * [[crispicō]]

+ * [[crispisulcans]]

+ * [[crīspitūdō]]

+ * [[crispō]]

+ * [[crispulus]]

+ * [[subcrīspus]]

+ * [[succrīspus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[crīnis]]

+ * [[crista]]

+ * [[en|crisp]]

+ * [[en|crepe]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}