prehendo Latin · revision 712

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [preˈ(ɦ)ɛn.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [preˈɛn.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prehendō''' (present infinitive prehendere, perfect active prehendī, supine prehēnsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a compound of [[m|la|prae-|t=before]] with a verb lost as a simple word, going back to [[itc-pro|*(prai-)χend-|t=to seize]], from a nasal present [[ine-pro|*gʰ-n-d-|t=to grab]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Following Livingston, de Vaan explains the form as follows: *prai-χend- was contracted to *praind-, which after preverbs became *-prēnd-, from which a new simple verb [[m|la|prēndere]] was abstracted, also spelt with ⟨h⟩, as in [[m|la|vehemēns]] beside [[m|la|vēmēns]], and shortening then gave [[m|la|prendere]].^(de Vaan 2008) The noun [[praeda]] “booty” belongs to the same root.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Cognate with [[grc|χανδάνω|tr=khandánō|t=to hold, contain]], [[sq|gjen|t=finds]] and [[got|𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽|tr=duginnan|t=to begin]], and related to [[en|get]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards, with the contracted ''prendo'' from Terence.^(de Vaan 2008) In the ''Amphitruo'' a husband says “I took your hand and kissed you”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its basic sense was to [[m|en|seize]] or grasp, also of diseases taking hold and, figuratively, of getting a grip on a subject.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It meant to buttonhole someone in order to talk, to catch someone in the act, and to seize, arrest or capture people and animals.^(OLD 2012) In war it meant to occupy a position, and poets used it for reaching a shore or overtaking someone.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It also meant to take in with the eye and to grasp with the mind, the sense developed in its compounds.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Its compounds ''[[apprehendo]]'', ''[[comprehendo]]'' and ''[[reprehendo]]'' gave [[en|apprehend]], [[en|comprehend]] and [[en|reprehend]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline) Through French ''prendre'' and its derivatives it is behind [[en|prison]] and [[en|misprision]].^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of taking someone's hand.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses the short form ''prendo'' for buttonholing someone.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato speaks of catching an adulterous wife.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of occupying Pharos.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of reaching the shores of Italy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To take hold of, grasp, [[m|en|seize]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To catch hold of (someone to speak to him), buttonhole.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To catch (in the act), take by surprise.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To seize and carry off; to [[m|en|arrest]]; to capture (animals).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(military)'' To occupy (a position).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To reach (a shore); to overtake.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To take in with the eye; to grasp with the mind, comprehend.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (of trees) To take root.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[apprehendō]]

+ * [[comprehendō]]

+ * [[dēprehendō]]

+ * [[imprensibilis]]

+ * [[prehēnsiō]]

+ * [[prehēnsō]]

+ * [[prēnsiō]]

+ * [[reprehendō]]

+ * [[prēnsō]]

+ * [[prehensus]]

+ * [[prēnsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hedera]]

+ * [[praeda]]

+ * [[en|apprehend]]

+ * [[en|comprehend]]

+ * [[en|prison]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}