suppleo Latin · revision 7112
16 Oct 2026, 13:11 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cato|origins=la pleō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈsʊp.pɫe.oː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsup.ple.o]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''suppleō''' (present infinitive supplēre, perfect active supplēvī, supine supplētum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[sub-]] and [[pleō]] “to fill”, and is also spelled ⟨subpleō⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Cato, of filling up a vessel.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cato 234–149 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to fill up a vessel, make up a quantity of liquid, as Cato's basket, and in Cicero to make up a whole, as his ''bibliothēcam supplēre'' “to complete a library”, and to bring troops or a crew to full strength.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant to complete an unfinished work, as in Tacitus, to make good a loss, supply what is missing, as in Cicero, and in Pliny to replace or take another's place.^(OLD 2012) Gellius uses it of doing full justice to something.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to supply, make full, complete.^(Stelten 1995) [[en|supply]] came in the late 14th century through Old French ''soupplier'', first meaning to fill up, complete.^(Etymonline) It survives in Italian ''supplire'' and Spanish ''suplir''.^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of filling up.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of completing and making good.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of completing a work.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''supply'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To fill up.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To make up to full strength; to complete.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To make good, [[m|en|supply]] what is missing.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To replace; to take the place of.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To do justice to.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[supplēmentum]]
+ * [[supplētōrium]]
+ * [[supplētus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[compleō]]
+ * [[dēpleō]]
+ * [[expleō]]
+ * [[impleō]]
+ * [[oppleō]]
+ * [[repleō]]
+ * [[pleō]]
+ * [[en|supply]]
+ * [[en|supplement]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}