facio Latin · revision 711

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfa.ki.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfaː.t͡ʃi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''faciō''' (present infinitive facere or fāre, perfect active fēcī, supine factum); third (-iō variant) conjugation, suppletive^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*fak-i-]], from a form of [[ine-pro|*dʰeh₁-|t=to put, place]] extended with *-k-.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan takes the ''-k-'' to have arisen in the Proto-Indo-European root aorist, as in [[grc|ἔθηκα|tr=éthēka|t=I put]] and [[xpg|αδδακετ|tr=addaket|t=he set, placed]]; in Italic the stem *fak- (perfect *fēk-) was generalized through the whole verb.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Pokorny 1959) Its passive is supplied by the unrelated [[fio|alt=fīō]] “to become”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Within Italic, compare [[osc|fakiiad|t=let him make]], [[xum|façia|t=let him make]] and Old Latin [[m|la|fhefhaked|t=made]] on the Praeneste fibula.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Further cognate with [[sa|दधाति|tr=dádhāti|t=puts, makes]] and [[lt|dėti|t=to put]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The perfect appears in Old Latin inscriptions, such as ''feced'' in the Duenos inscription, and the verb is in the Twelve Tables.^(de Vaan 2008) The fibula of Praeneste reads ''Manios med fhefhaked Numasioi'' “Manius [[m|en|made]] me for Numerius”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its range is the widest of any Latin verb: to make or build, to produce by growth, to create, to compose a literary work, and to utter sounds.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It meant to appoint to an office, to make up or amount to a total, and to spend time.^(OLD 2012) It meant to bring about conditions, actions and agreements, as in ''bellum facere'' “to make war” and ''foedus facere'' “to make a treaty”, and to acquire money or incur losses.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ With a clause it meant “to see to it that”, and with a predicate “to render”, as in ''heredem facere'' “to make someone heir”; with a genitive of value it meant “to value”, as in ''magni facere''.^(OLD 2012) It meant to do or commit an act, to carry out a duty, to hold a rite, and absolutely to sacrifice.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to suppose or represent, to act or behave, and to be effective.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It survives as French ''faire'', Italian ''fare'' and Spanish ''hacer'',^(Wiktionary) and through French it gave [[en|feat]] and [[en|surfeit]], while its participle ''factum'' gave [[en|fact]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 7th–3rd century BC – The perfect ''feced'' appears in the Duenos inscription.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables use it for making a contract.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses ''faxo'' for “I will see to it”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it for making a fleet, a treaty and a will.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it for making a camp and a bridge.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-14th century – Through French ''fait'' it gives [[en|feat]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|make]], build, construct.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To produce by growth; to bring forth.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To create; to form by training.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To compose (a literary work); to write (letters, words).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To utter (sounds).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To appoint (to an office).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To make up, amount to; to spend (time).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To bring about, cause; to make (an agreement, war).^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # To acquire (money); to incur (a loss).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To see to it (that); to render, make (something into something).^(OLD 2012)

+ # With a genitive of value, to value, as in ''magni facere'' “to value highly”.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To do, perform; to commit (a crime); to carry out (orders).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To hold (a rite); absolutely, to [[m|en|sacrifice]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To represent; to suppose, imagine.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To act, behave; to be effective.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[afficiō]]

+ * [[antefactus]]

+ * [[dēficiō]]

+ * [[efficiō]]

+ * [[facessō]]

+ * [[faciēs]]

+ * [[facilis]]

+ * [[facinus]]

+ * [[factīcius]]

+ * [[factiō]]

+ * [[factitō]]

+ * [[factō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[-fex]]

+ * [[-ficō]]

+ * [[-ficus]]

+ * [[fīō]]

+ * [[en|fact]]

+ * [[en|feat]]

+ * [[en|surfeit]]

+ * [[en|affect]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ In the passive the verb mostly uses ''[[fio]]'', and ''faxo'', ''faxim'' are archaic future and subjunctive forms.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Its compounds change ''a'' to ''i'', as in ''[[efficio]]'', ''[[conficio]]'' and ''[[perficio]]''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}