sigillum Latin · revision 7094

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Varro|origins=la signum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [sɪˈɡɪl.lũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [siˈd͡ʒil.lum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sigillum''' ''n'' (genitive sigillī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a diminutive of [[signum]] “sign, image”, formed early: *signolom > *sign̥lom > *siginlom > ⟨sigillum⟩.^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Varro, of a statuette.^(OLD 2012) Köbler's first source is Cicero; he dates Varro 116–27 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a statuette, a little figure, often in the plural, as in Cicero's ''Verrines'' and Vitruvius.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant a stamped or embossed figure, a relief, as in Horace, a figure woven in tapestry, as in Ovid, and the figure on a signet ring or its impression in wax, a seal, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant a seal, signet, and ''sigilla'' small figures or images.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it of a carved image and of carved stones.^(DMLBS) Through Vulgar Latin *sigellum and Old French ''seel'' it gave [[en|seal]] “design stamped on wax” about 1200, and Late Latin ''sigillum'' gave [[en|sigil]] in the mid-15th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of a statuette.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of statuettes and of a seal.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of a relief.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''seal'' is recorded, through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|statuette]], figurine.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A relief; a figure in tapestry.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The figure on a signet ring; a wax [[m|en|seal]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sigillārius]]

+ * [[sigillō]]

+ * [[siglum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[signum]]

+ * [[en|seal]]

+ * [[en|sigil]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}