servio Latin · revision 7093

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la servus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈsɛr.wi.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsɛr.vi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''serviō''' (present infinitive servīre, perfect active servīvī or serviī, supine servītum); fourth conjugation, impersonal in the passive^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[servus]] “slave” with the verb suffix [[-iō]], perhaps from a Proto-Italic *serwiō, possibly cognate with [[xum|seritu]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Plautus and Terence have old imperfects and futures such as ⟨servībam⟩, ⟨servībō⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of serving a master as a slave and of serving one's interests.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to be a slave, serve a master, wait on, and of lovers and worshippers to serve, as in Plautus, and in Cicero to live in slavery.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) From Cicero it meant of states or persons to be politically subject, to labour for one's country, and in Vitruvius to devote oneself to an occupation.^(OLD 2012) It meant to act in subservience to an interest, to adhere to terms, and of things to be of service, serve as.^(OLD 2012) In law, as in Gaius, land “served” when it was subject to a servitude or a rent.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to serve, be in bondage, wait upon, obey.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''servire'', French, Spanish and Portuguese ''servir'' and Romanian ''șerbi'', and [[en|serve]] came through Old French in the late 12th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of serving a master.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of political subjection.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 140–180 AD – Gaius uses it of land subject to a servitude.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 12th century – English ''serve'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To be a slave; to [[m|en|serve]], wait on.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be politically subject.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To labour for; to devote oneself to.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be subservient to; to adhere to.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of things, to be of service; to serve as.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(law)'' Of land, to be subject to a [[m|en|servitude]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[asserviō]]

+ * [[dēserviō]]

+ * [[īnserviō]]

+ * [[praeserviō]]

+ * [[servīlis]]

+ * [[servīliter]]

+ * [[servitium]]

+ * [[servītor]]

+ * [[servitrītius]]

+ * [[servitūdō]]

+ * [[servus]]

+ * [[en|serve]]

+ * [[en|service]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}