diabetes English · revision 7089

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1425|origins=grc διαβήτης}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/, /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtɪs/ ''(UK)''; /ˌdaɪəˈbitiz/, /ˌdaɪəˈbitɪs/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is medical [[bor|la|diabetes]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) from Greek [[m|grc|διαβήτης|tr=diabḗtēs|t=siphon; excessive discharge of urine]], literally a passer-through,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(NODE 1998) from [[m|grc|διαβαίνω|tr=diabaínein|t=to go through; to stand with legs apart]], from [[m|grc|διά|tr=diá|t=through]] and [[m|grc|βαίνω|tr=baínein|t=to go]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from PIE [[ine-pro|*gʷem-|alt=*gwa-|t=to go, come]].^(Etymonline) Etymonline says the disease was so named by Aretaeus of Cappadocia in the 2nd century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A disease marked by excessive discharge of urine: probably before 1425, as diabete, in a translation of Chauliac's surgery;^(Barnhart 1988) the spelling diabetes is from 1562.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In classical Greek diabetes meant a drafting compass, from the position of its legs.^(Etymonline) An old common native name for the disease was ''pissing evil''.^(Etymonline) A siphon is a rare obsolete sense in English (1661).^(OED 1989) The word is now usually restricted to [[diabetes mellitus]], with an excess of sugar in the urine.^(Etymonline)^(AHD) [[diabetic|alt=Diabetic]] is from 1799.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1425 – diabete.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1562 – diabetes.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1661 – a siphon (obsolete).^(OED 1989)

+ * 1799 – diabetic.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A disorder in which the body cannot properly control the level of [[sugar]] in the blood, because of a lack of [[insulin]] or resistance to it; diabetes mellitus.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Any of several disorders marked by excessive production of urine, such as diabetes insipidus.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[prediabetes]]

+ * [[diabetes mellitus]]

+ * [[diabetes insipidus]]

+ * [[type 1 diabetes]]

+ * [[type 2 diabetes]]

+ * [[bronze diabetes]]

+ * [[sugar diabetes]]

+ * [[adult-onset diabetes]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[diabetic]]

+ * [[insulin]]

+ * [[basis]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}