shine English · revision 7084

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=before 800|origins=gem-pro *skīnaną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʃaɪn/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is Middle English schinen, [[inh|ang|scīnan|t=to shed light, be radiant]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) from [[gem-pro|*skīnaną]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) source also of Dutch [[m|nl|schijnen]], German [[m|de|scheinen]], Old Norse [[m|non|skína]] and Gothic [[m|got|𐍃𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽|tr=skeinan|t=to shine, appear]],^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) perhaps from PIE [[ine-pro|*skeh₂i-|alt=*skai-|t=to shine, gleam]], also the source of Old Church Slavonic sijati.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To shed light, be radiant: before 800 in Barnhart.^(Barnhart 1988) Of persons, to be conspicuous, is also Old English.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of polished surfaces, to gleam, is late Old English,^(Etymonline) and of a person or face, to be fair or beautiful, about 1200.^(Etymonline) To cause to shine is from the 1580s, and to polish boots from the 1610s.^(Etymonline) The noun, brightness, is from 1520s (before 1529, in Skelton),^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) sunshine as opposed to rain from the 1620s,^(Etymonline) and a polish on boots from 1871.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) ''Take a shine to'', to fancy, is recorded by 1830 in representations of Yankee dialect.^(Etymonline) To excel at something is a figurative use.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 800 – to shed light.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1200 – to be beautiful.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1520s – brightness (noun).^(Etymonline)

+ * 1610s – to polish boots.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1830 – take a shine to.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1871 – a shoeshine.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To give out or reflect bright [[light]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To direct a light at something: ''shine a torch''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To be outstanding; to [[excel]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To polish: ''shine shoes''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # Brightness or radiance; a [[gloss]] or [[lustre]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(take a shine to)'' A liking.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[overshine]]

+ * [[reshine]]

+ * [[outshine]]

+ * [[shiner]]

+ * [[shiny]]

+ * [[earthshine]]

+ * [[monkeyshine]]

+ * [[rain or shine]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sunshine]]

+ * [[moonshine]]

+ * [[shimmer]]

+ * [[sheer]]

+ * [[scene]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}