satura Latin · revision 7082

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=la satur}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈsa.tʊ.ra]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsaː.tu.ra]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''satura''' ''f'' (genitive saturae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Also spelled ''satira'' (and ''satyra'') in the literary senses.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is apparently the feminine of [[satur]] “full, sated”, from the phrase ⟨lanx satura⟩ “a full dish”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) The OLD suggests that the dramatic and literary senses may instead be of Etruscan origin.^(OLD 2012) Köbler calls its origin unclear.^(Köbler 2010) The spelling ⟨satira⟩, ⟨satyra⟩ arose from the mistaken notion that it was connected with [[grc|σάτυρος|tr=sáturos|t=satyr]] and the satyr drama.^(Wiktionary) Isidore says the ⟨lēx satura⟩ was so called from the abundance of matters it dealt with, and that writing ⟨saturae⟩ means composing varied poems.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Ennius, whom he dates 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's earliest citation for ''per saturam'' “en bloc” is from the orator Annius and Lucilius.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ According to Varro it was a dish of mixed ingredients, raisins, barley and pine nuts in mead, and Gaffiot describes it as a plate of all kinds of fruit, a medley.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) ''Per saturam'' meant all together, en bloc, of a bill combining several measures, and in Sallust of opinions asked at random.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Livy uses it of an early dramatic medley with music and dance, and Quintilian and Gellius of Varro's mixture of prose and verse, which Varro called Menippean.^(OLD 2012) From Horace it meant a poem attacking vice and folly, satire, and Quintilian claims ''satura quidem tōta nostra est'' “satire at least is wholly ours”.^(OLD 2012) Juvenal writes ''difficile est saturam nōn scrībere'' “it is hard not to write satire”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In British Medieval Latin it meant a poem mocking vice or folly, especially Juvenal's.^(DMLBS) [[en|satire]] came about 1500 from French ''satire'' and directly from Latin ''satira''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius has the word.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius uses ''per saturam''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy describes the early stage ''saturae''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of his satires.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1500 – English ''satire'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A dish of mixed ingredients, a medley.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''per saturam'', all together, en bloc.^(OLD 2012)

+ # An early dramatic medley; a mixture of prose and verse.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A poem attacking vice, [[m|en|satire]]; satirical style.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[satur]]

+ * [[satis]]

+ * [[en|satire]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}