sanguineus Latin · revision 7081
16 Oct 2026, 13:11 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la sanguis}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [saŋˈɡʷɪ.ne.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [saŋˈɡʷiː.ne.us]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''sanguineus''' (feminine sanguinea, neuter sanguineum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[sanguis]] “blood” with the suffix [[-eus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Cicero's ''De divinatione'', of a rain of blood (''imber sanguineus'').^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant consisting of blood, bloody, and Lewis and Short call it a favourite word of the Augustan poets.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It meant blood-stained, of eyes bloodshot, as in Virgil, of fighting bloody, as in Horace, and of persons bloodthirsty.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It also meant blood-red, crimson, and ''frutex sanguinea'' or ''virga sanguinea'' was the cornel or dogwood, whose wood Livy mentions.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein explains that ''sanguis'' is the blood circulating in the body, ''cruor'' blood shed from it.^(Döderlein 1874)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant of blood, bloody.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it as a noun for a blood relation.^(Niermeyer 1976) [[en|sanguine]] came in the late 14th century, first “blood-red”, through Old French and directly from Latin, while [[en|sanguineous]] came in the 1510s.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of a rain of blood.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of bloodshot eyes and of bloodthirsty persons.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of bloody fighting.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''sanguine'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Of blood, consisting of blood.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Blood-stained; of eyes, bloodshot; bloody.^(OLD 2012)
+ # [[m|en|Bloodthirsty]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # Blood-red, crimson, ''virga sanguinea'', [[m|en|dogwood]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' As a noun, a blood relation.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[cōnsanguineus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[sanguī̆s]]
+ * [[cruor]]
+ * [[en|sanguine]]
+ * [[en|sanguineous]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}