ruina Latin · revision 7076

16 Oct 2026, 13:11 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
Initial text

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Lucretius|origins=la ruō}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ruˈiː.na]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ruˈiː.na]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''ruīna''' ''f'' (genitive ruīnae); first declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[ruō]] “to rush, collapse” with the suffix [[-īna]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Lucretius, of a headlong fall, and Lewis and Short cite his ''grandinis ruīna'' “the fall of hail”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler's first source is Caesar; he dates Lucretius 96–55 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant a headlong rush, as in Virgil, a headlong fall, and ''ruīnam dare'' to fall or cause to fall.^(OLD 2012) From Caesar it meant the collapse of a building, and in Virgil of natural structures, landslides and avalanches.^(OLD 2012) Concretely it meant falling debris, and in the plural the ruins of a building or town, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it meant ruin, downfall, of persons or communities, defeat in battle or argument, and a source of ruin, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein explains that ''ruīna'' is the collapse of things built up when their base gives way, ''strāgēs'' the throwing down of standing bodies.^(Döderlein 1874)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant ruin, destruction, invasion, breach, fall, debris.^(Stelten 1995) [[en|ruin]] is recorded in late Old English as “act of falling down”, and Old French ''ruine'' also comes from it.^(Etymonline) It survives in Italian ''ruina'' and ''rovina''.^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of a fall.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of a collapsing building.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of ruins and of downfall.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late Old English – English ''ruin'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A headlong rush; a headlong fall.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A collapse; a landslide.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Debris, ''(plural)'' [[m|en|ruins]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # [[m|en|Ruin]], downfall; a defeat.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A source of ruin.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[ruīnōsus]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[corruō]]
+ * [[ruīnō]]
+ * [[ruō]]
+ * [[strāgēs]]
+ * [[en|ruin]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}