cinema English · revision 7067

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=clipping|attested=1899|origins=fr cinéma}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈsɪn.ɪ.mə/, /ˈsɪn.ɪ.mɑː/ ''(UK)''; /ˈsɪn.ə.mə/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|fr|cinéma]], short for [[m|fr|cinématographe]] (see [[cinematograph]]),^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) a word coined in the 1890s by the Lumière brothers,^(Etymonline)^(Cresswell 2021) from Greek [[m|grc|κίνημα|tr=kínēma|t=movement]], from [[m|grc|κινέω|tr=kineîn|t=to move]], and -graphe (see [[-graphy]]).^(Etymonline)^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A motion-picture projector, as cinéma, 1899 in Barnhart;^(Barnhart 1988) a hall for showing films, 1899 in Etymonline.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) MWU dates it to 1909.^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The full form cinematograph was in English from 1896 but was displaced by the short form.^(Etymonline) Other early names were vitascope (Edison, 1895) and animatograph (1898).^(Etymonline) A motion-picture theatre is from 1913, and a film from 1922.^(Barnhart 1988) Films collectively, especially as an art form, is by 1914.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) The variant kinema is now rare.^(SOED 2002) ''Cinéma vérité'' is from 1963.^(Etymonline) [[cinematic|alt=Cinematic]] is from 1927.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1896 – cinematograph.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1899 – cinéma.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+ * 1913 – a cinema theatre.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1914 – films as an art form.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1963 – cinéma vérité.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(chiefly British)'' A building where films are shown; a [[movie]] theatre.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Films collectively; the film industry.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # The art or technique of making films.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cinematic]]

+ * [[cinematically]]

+ * [[cinemagoer]]

+ * [[cineplex]]

+ * [[Cinerama]]

+ * [[cinema verite]]

+ * [[direct cinema]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cine]]

+ * [[cinematography]]

+ * [[kinema]]

+ * [[cinematograph]]

+ * [[kinetic]]

+ * [[movie]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}