substitute English · revision 7063

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1400|origins=la substituo}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈsʌbstɪtʃuːt/, /ˈsʌbstɪtʃuːtjuːt/ ''(UK)''; /ˈsʌbstətuːt/, /ˈsʌbstətjuːt/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|substitutus]], the past participle of [[m|la|substituo|alt=substituere|t=to put under, put in place of]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) from [[m|la|sub|t=under]] and statuere, to set up (see [[statute]]),^(Hoad 1986)^(NODE 1998) partly through Middle French substitut;^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) the noun may also be partly a back-formation from [[substitution]].^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A person acting in place of another, a deputy: about 1400 in the OED, 1413 in Barnhart.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988) The verb, to appoint someone in place of another, is from the early 15th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The general verb sense, to put in place of another, is by the 1580s,^(Etymonline) and the intransitive ''act as a substitute'' by 1888.^(Etymonline) In the American military, one who served for payment in place of a conscript is from 1777.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) In team sports, a player who replaces another after the game has begun is from 1849, in cricket.^(Etymonline) An artificial ingredient in place of a natural one is by 1879.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1400 – a deputy.^(OED 1989)

+ * early 15th century – to appoint in another's place.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1580s – to put in place of.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1777 – a paid military substitute.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1849 – in sport.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1888 – to act as a substitute.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A person or thing that takes the place of another.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A player who replaces another during a game.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To put or use in place of another.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To act as a substitute.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[substitutability]]

+ * [[substitutable]]

+ * [[substituter]]

+ * [[substitutingly]]

+ * [[substitution]]

+ * [[substitutional]]

+ * [[substitutionally]]

+ * [[substitutive]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[statute]]

+ * [[institute]]

+ * [[constitute]]

+ * [[prostitute]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}