cole English · revision 7044

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1000|origins=la caulis}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /kəʊl/, /kɔʊl/ ''(UK)''; /koʊl/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is Middle English col, a dialect survival from late Old English [[m|ang|cāwel]], cāl,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) perhaps influenced by Old Norse [[m|non|kál]],^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(NODE 1998) both [[der|la|caulis|t=stem, stalk; cabbage]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) which in Vulgar Latin replaced brassica as the usual word for cabbage.^(Etymonline) Latin caulis also gave Italian cavolo, French chou, German Kohl and Dutch kool.^(Etymonline)^(NODE 1998)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Any of various plants of the cabbage genus: about 1000.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Pottage, a sense now obsolete, is from about 1460.^(OED 1989) ''Cabbage-cole'' is from 1620.^(OED 1989) The word survives mainly in compounds such as coleseed, [[colewort]] and [[coleslaw]].^(Hoad 1986)^(Barnhart 1988) Its Scottish form is [[kale]].^(NODE 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1000 – the cabbage plant.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1460 – pottage (obsolete).^(OED 1989)

+ * 1620 – cabbage-cole.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Any of various plants of the [[cabbage]] genus, ''Brassica'', especially [[rape]] or [[kale]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[coleseed]]

+ * [[coleslaw]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[borecole]]

+ * [[colewort]]

+ * [[cauliflower]]

+ * [[kale]]

+ * [[kohlrabi]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ An obsolete cole, trickery or a cheat, of unknown origin, is inferred from texts of about 1300 to the 16th century.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}