raid English · revision 7041

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1425|origins=ang rād}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɹeɪd/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a Scottish and northern English form, [[inh|ang|rād|t=a riding, journey; expedition, raid]], the source of [[road]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(MWU 2024) cognate with Old Norse [[m|non|reið|t=a riding, raid]].^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A military expedition on horseback, a hostile incursion: about 1425.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word fell into obscurity after the 16th century, except for a place where ships may anchor (a [[roadstead]]),^(Barnhart 1988)^(NODE 1998) and was revived by Sir Walter Scott in ''The Lay of the Last Minstrel'' (1805) and ''Rob Roy'' (1818).^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) Any sudden or vigorous descent, as by the police, is by 1873,^(Etymonline) and the air raid by 1908.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) The verb, to take part in a raid, is from 1864–65,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) and to make a raid on a place from 1880.^(Barnhart 1988) In Scots, a raid was also a ridiculous enterprise.^(Wright 1898)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1425 – a mounted foray.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1805 – revived by Scott.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1864 – the verb.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1873 – a police raid.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1908 – an air raid.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A sudden armed attack on an enemy, especially a brief one.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A sudden visit by the [[police]] to search premises or arrest people.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # An attack to steal something: ''a bank raid''.^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(finance)'' An attempt to buy enough shares to take control of a company.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To make a raid on.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To take things from a place without permission: ''raid the fridge''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[raider]]

+ * [[counterraid]]

+ * [[unraided]]

+ * [[air raid]]

+ * [[panty raid]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[road]]

+ * [[ride]]

+ * [[inroad]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}