corona Latin · revision 704

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kɔˈroː.na]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [koˈrɔː.na]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''corōna''' ''f'' (genitive corōnae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|κορώνη|tr=korṓnē|t=anything curved or hooked; a kind of crown]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) Watkins and Wiktionary derive the Greek word from [[ine-pro|*(s)ker-|t=to turn, bend]], while Beekes takes the sense “crown” to come from the identical Greek word for “crow”, used of all kinds of hooked objects.^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary) The TLL compares Greek words for a wreath in Stesichorus and Simonides.^(TLL) Festus and Isidore of Seville explained it from [[chorus]], as the dancers circling an altar.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from the Twelve Tables,^(Köbler 2010) which Pliny the Elder quotes on crowns won in contests.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Plautus a character puts a [[m|en|garland]] on his head to pretend to be drunk.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its main sense was a wreath or garland, of flowers or precious metal, awarded for valour in war or victory in games, worn at banquets, placed on statues of gods and on the dead, and worn by a king as an emblem of rule.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Prisoners of war were sold ''sub corona'' “under the wreath”, as they wore one at auction.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was the name of two constellations, the Northern and Southern Crown.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ From the ring shape it named a halo round the sun or moon, the coronet of a hoof, a ring of hills, a cornice in architecture, and a circle of bystanders or of besieging troops.^(OLD 2012) In medieval Latin it meant the Crown as a principle of public law, the clerical tonsure, a measure for grapes, and a hanging chandelier.^(Niermeyer 1976) It gave French ''couronne'' and [[en|crown]],^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) and the medieval office of keeper of the pleas of the crown gave [[en|coroner]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables mention crowns.^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it for a festive garland.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero names the constellation Corona.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar sells captives ''sub corona''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it for a halo round the sun.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Middle Ages – It means the Crown, the tonsure and a chandelier.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ * early 12th century – Through Anglo-French it gives [[en|crown]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|wreath]], garland, [[m|en|crown]] (as a prize, at feasts, for gods and the dead).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A crown as an emblem of royalty.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''sub corona vendere'': to sell (captives) as slaves.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''Corona'': the Northern or Southern Crown (constellations).^(OLD 2012)

+ # A halo round the sun or moon.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A ring-shaped feature: the coronet of a hoof, a ring of hills, a cornice.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A circle of bystanders; a ring of troops.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The Crown, monarchy; the tonsure; a chandelier.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[corolla]]

+ * [[corōnālis]]

+ * [[corōnāmentum]]

+ * [[corōnārius]]

+ * [[corōniola]]

+ * [[corōnō]]

+ * [[corōnula]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[corōnātus]]

+ * [[en|crown]]

+ * [[en|coroner]]

+ * [[en|corona]]

+ * [[en|corolla]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}