instruo Latin · revision 7033

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=la struō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈĩː.stru.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈin.stru.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''īnstruō''' (present infinitive īnstruere, perfect active īnstrūxī, supine īnstrūctum); third conjugation, third person-only in the passive^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[in-]] and [[struō]] “to pile up, arrange, build”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) Plautus has the shortened perfect ⟨instrūxtī⟩ for ⟨instrūxistī⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Ennius, of equipping, and Plautus, of drawing up troops and of arranging.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC and Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its literal sense was to build in, insert, as Caesar's beams set into a wall, then to build, construct, as in Nepos.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(OLD 2012) It meant to draw up troops in battle order, to arrange, organize, plan, and to get ready, prepare, all from Plautus onwards.^(OLD 2012) It meant to equip, furnish a house or farm, fit out a ship, as in Caesar, provide someone with resources or arms, and in Cicero and later to equip with knowledge or skill, instruct, and to give directions.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to draw up, arrange, instruct, teach, prepare.^(Stelten 1995) [[en|instruct]] came in the early 15th century from its participle ''īnstrūctus'', and [[en|instrument]] comes from its derivative ''īnstrūmentum''.^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of equipping.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of drawing up and arranging.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of instructing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''instruct'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To build in, insert; to build, construct.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+ # To draw up troops in battle order.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To arrange, organize; to prepare.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To equip, furnish, fit out.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To provide with necessaries or arms.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|instruct]], teach; to give directions.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[īnstrūctiō]]

+ * [[īnstrūctor]]

+ * [[īnstrūctūra]]

+ * [[instructus]]

+ * [[īnstrūmentum]]

+ * [[superinstruō]]

+ * [[īnstrūctē]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[circumstruō]]

+ * [[construō]]

+ * [[dēstruō]]

+ * [[exstruō]]

+ * [[interstruō]]

+ * [[obstruō]]

+ * [[perstruō]]

+ * [[praestruō]]

+ * [[rēstruō]]

+ * [[struō]]

+ * [[en|instruct]]

+ * [[en|instrument]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}