substantia Latin · revision 7015

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Seneca|origins=la stō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [sʊpˈstan.ti.a], [sʊpˈstan.ti.aː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [subˈstan.t͡si.a], [subˈstan.t͡si.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''substantia''' ''f'' (genitive substantiae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[substō]] “to stand under, be present”, through the stem of its participle ⟨substāns⟩, with the suffix [[-ia]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Wiktionary compares [[grc|ὑπόκειμαι|tr=hupókeimai|t=to lie under]].^(Wiktionary) Frontinus has an ablative ⟨substantiē⟩.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Seneca, of real existence and of essential nature.^(OLD 2012) Köbler's first source is Tacitus; he dates Seneca 4 BC–65 AD and Tacitus 98–115 AD.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis and Short call it post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It meant the quality of being real, actual existence, and in Quintilian the reality of a thing as opposed to its appearance.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant underlying nature, essence, what makes a thing what it is, as in Seneca and Quintilian's ''substantia rhētoricae''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In the jurist Gaius it meant the material of which a thing is made, and the sum of one's possessions, one's property.^(OLD 2012) Isidore uses it for the first of Aristotle's categories, that which is neither said of a subject nor in a subject, as a particular man or horse.^(Isidore)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant substance, nature, essence, being, existence, property.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it of food supplies, a stock of goods, wealth and a manorial holding, and British Medieval Latin of God as the supreme being.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) [[en|substance]] came about 1300 through Old French, first of the divine essence common to the persons of the Trinity.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of real existence and essence.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it of the reality of a thing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 140–180 AD – Gaius uses it of material and of property.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''substance'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Real existence; the reality of a thing.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Essential nature, [[m|en|essence]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # The material of a thing.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Possessions, [[m|en|property]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A basic unit of measurement.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(philosophy)'' [[m|en|Substance]], the first of the categories.^(Isidore)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Supplies; a stock of goods; a manorial holding.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[substantiālis]]

+ * [[substantiola]]

+ * [[substantīvus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[stō]]

+ * [[substantiālitās]]

+ * [[substantīvālis]]

+ * [[substō]]

+ * [[essentia]]

+ * [[en|substance]]

+ * [[en|substantial]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}