praevenio Latin · revision 6998
16 Oct 2026, 12:58 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la veniō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [prae̯ˈwɛ.ni.oː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [preˈvɛː.ni.o]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''praeveniō''' (present infinitive praevenīre, perfect active praevēnī, supine praeventum); fourth conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[prae-]] “before” and [[veniō]] “to come”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of arriving first.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to arrive first or beforehand, as in Plautus and Livy, and in Tacitus to arrive ahead of someone.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant to happen first or too soon, as in Pliny, and with an object to anticipate or forestall, often so as to prevent, as in Sallust's passive.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Quintilian it meant to take precedence over, surpass.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short call it chiefly post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to prevent, come before, anticipate, precede, guide.^(Stelten 1995) [[en|prevent]] came in the early 15th century from its participle ''praeventus'', first meaning “to act in anticipation”, the Late Latin sense “to hinder” coming later.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of arriving first.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust uses it of forestalling.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of arriving ahead of.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * early 15th century – English ''prevent'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To arrive first; to arrive ahead of, precede.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To happen first or too soon.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To [[m|en|anticipate]], [[m|en|forestall]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # To surpass.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' To [[m|en|prevent]]; to guide.^(Stelten 1995)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[praeventiō]]
+ * [[praeventor]]
+ * [[praeventus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[adveniō]]
+ * [[antēveniō]]
+ * [[circumveniō]]
+ * [[contrāveniō]]
+ * [[conveniō]]
+ * [[dēveniō]]
+ * [[ēveniō]]
+ * [[intervenio]]
+ * [[inveniō]]
+ * [[obveniō]]
+ * [[veniō]]
+ * [[en|prevent]]
+ * [[en|prevention]]
+
+ ==Usage notes==
+ Virgil splits it by tmesis in praeque diem veniēns “and coming before the day”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}