praesideo Latin · revision 6997
16 Oct 2026, 12:58 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la sedeō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [prae̯ˈsɪ.de.oː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [preˈs̬iː.de.o]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''praesideō''' (present infinitive praesidēre, perfect active praesēdī, supine praesessum); second conjugation, no passive^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[prae-]] “before” and [[sedeō]] “to sit”, so literally “to sit in front”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The best manuscripts of Tacitus have the perfect ⟨praesīdī⟩.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Medieval manuscripts often spell it ⟨pre-⟩.^(TLL)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Cicero, of keeping guard and of tutelary gods.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ Its literal sense, to sit in front, is rare and mostly late, as Suetonius' sitting before the temple of Jupiter.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant to keep guard over, protect, as Cicero's ''urbī praesidēre'', and of gods to watch over a place.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) From Caesar it meant to command or govern, as a general or governor, and in Tacitus to preside over a function or ceremony.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to preside over, guard, govern, direct.^(Stelten 1995) French ''présider'' gave [[en|preside]] in the 1610s, and its participle ''praesidēns'' is the source of [[en|president]].^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of guarding.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of command.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of presiding.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1610s – English ''preside'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To sit in front.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # To keep guard over, protect; of gods, to watch over.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To [[m|en|preside]] over.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To command, govern.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[praeses]]
+ * [[praesessiō]]
+ * [[praesidatus]]
+ * [[praesidēns]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[assideō]]
+ * [[circumsedeō]]
+ * [[dēsideō]]
+ * [[dissideō]]
+ * [[īnsideō]]
+ * [[obsideō]]
+ * [[persedeō]]
+ * [[possideō]]
+ * [[praesidium]]
+ * [[resideō]]
+ * [[sedeō]]
+ * [[en|preside]]
+ * [[en|president]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}