phantasia Latin · revision 6995

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Seneca the Elder|origins=grc φαντασία}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [pʰanˈta.si.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [fanˈtaː.s̬i.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''phantasia''' ''f'' (genitive phantasiae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|φαντασία|tr=phantasía|t=appearance, imagination]], from [[m|grc|φαντάζεσθαι|tr=phantázesthai|t=to appear]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)^(Etymonline) Old manuscripts also have the spelling ⟨fantasia⟩.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis and Short and Gaffiot cite Seneca the Elder's ''Suasoriae'' for an idea or notion, and call it post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler's first source is Cicero, whom he dates 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant an imagined situation, a fancy, an idea or notion, as Seneca the Elder's remark that Nicetas handled ''hanc phantasiam'' more eloquently.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Petronius uses ''phantasia, nōn homō'' “a phantom, not a man” as a term of reproach, and Ammianus of a vision or dream.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant a delusion, fancy, illusion, image, and the Vulgate's Ecclesiasticus speaks of the heart suffering ''phantasiās''.^(Stelten 1995)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Medieval Latin used it of a mental image, the faculty of imagination, a vision or nightmare, and a phantasm.^(Niermeyer 1976) Old French ''fantaisie'' gave [[en|fantasy]] in the early 14th century, and Italian ''fantasia'' gave the musical [[en|fantasia]] in 1724.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero has the word, according to Köbler.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Early Empire – Seneca the Elder uses it of a notion.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ * before 66 AD – Petronius uses it of a phantom.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 390 AD – Ammianus uses it of a vision.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 14th century – English ''fantasy'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An imagined situation, a [[m|en|fancy]], notion.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A phantom.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # A vision, dream.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A delusion, illusion.^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The faculty of [[m|en|imagination]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[phantasma]]

+ * [[imāginātiō]]

+ * [[en|fantasy]]

+ * [[en|fancy]]

+ * [[en|fantasia]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}