pedester Latin · revision 6994

16 Oct 2026, 12:58 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Claudius Quadrigarius|origins=la pēs}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [pɛˈdɛs.tɛr]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [peˈdɛs.ter]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''pedester''' (feminine pedestris, neuter pedestre); third-declension three-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[pedes]] “foot soldier”, oblique stem ⟨pedit-⟩, with the suffix ⟨-ter⟩, a variant of ⟨-tris⟩, on the model of [[equester]].^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) The OLD analyses it as [[pēs]] “foot” with the suffix ⟨-estris⟩.^(OLD 2012) Nepos, Curtius and Martial have a masculine ⟨pedestris⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's first source is Claudius Quadrigarius, of the 1st century BC.^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's earliest citations are from Cicero, of a statue and of infantry.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant on foot, pedestrian, and of a statue standing, as Cicero's ''statua pedestris'' as opposed to an equestrian one.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It meant going or done on land rather than by sea, as in Livy, and consisting of foot soldiers, of infantry forces, battles and weapons, as Caesar's ''stīpendia pedestria''.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Horace transfers it to writing, ''sermō pedester'' “prose”, and to verse that is prosaic.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant on foot, pedestrian.^(Stelten 1995) [[en|pedestrian]] is recorded from 1716 in the sense “prosaic, dull”, from Horace's figurative use, contrasted with ''equester''.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 1st century BC – Claudius Quadrigarius has the word.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a statue and of infantry.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of prose.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1716 – English ''pedestrian'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # On foot, [[m|en|pedestrian]]; of a statue, standing.^(OLD 2012)
+ # On land, by land.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Of writing, in [[m|en|prose]]; of verse, prosaic.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Of foot soldiers, [[m|en|infantry]].^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[pēs]]
+ * [[pedes]]
+ * [[equester]]
+ * [[en|pedestrian]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}