communitas Latin · revision 6984

16 Oct 2026, 12:58 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la commūnis}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [kɔmˈmuː.nɪ.taːs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [komˈmuː.ni.tas]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''commūnitās''' ''f'' (genitive commūnitātis); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[commūnis]] “common, shared” with the suffix [[-tās]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Cicero, of sharing and of fellowship.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant joint possession or use, sharing, and social relationship, fellowship, as Cicero's “no fellowship of man with god”, and an organized society, and Lewis and Short call it very frequent in Cicero, rare elsewhere.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Varro it meant a common nature, kinship, and in Nepos obligingness.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant commonwealth, community.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it of property held by a religious community, of a society of stockbreeders and of common land.^(Niermeyer 1976) [[en|community]] came in the late 14th century through Old French ''comunité''.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of fellowship and society.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of kinship.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 100–24 BC – Nepos uses it of obligingness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''community'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # Joint possession, sharing, partnership.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Fellowship; an organized [[m|en|society]], [[m|en|community]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # Common nature, kinship.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Obligingness.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Common property; common land.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[commūniō]]
+ * [[commūnis]]
+ * [[en|community]]
+ * [[en|common]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}