paco Latin · revision 6983

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la pāx}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpaː.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpaː.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pācō''' (present infinitive pācāre, perfect active pācāvī, supine pācātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[pāx]] “peace” with the verb suffix [[-ō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The TLL notes that the spelling ⟨pak-⟩ of the Duenos inscription may belong here.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Cicero, of imposing a settlement on peoples.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to bring into a state of peace, pacify, impose a settlement on territories and peoples, usually after conquest, as Cicero's ''pācāre Amānum'' and Caesar's pacification of Gaul.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Figuratively it meant to tame land by cultivation, as Horace's wild woods tamed by the ploughshare, and to subdue individuals.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Lewis and Short add to soothe, quiet.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Medieval Latin used ''pācāre'' especially of satisfying a creditor, and through Old French ''paier'' it gave [[en|pay]] about 1200, first meaning “to appease, pacify, satisfy”.^(Etymonline) It survives in Italian ''pagare'', Spanish and Portuguese ''pagar'' and French ''payer''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of pacifying Mount Amanus.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of Gaul.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of taming land.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''pay'' is recorded, through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|pacify]], impose a settlement on, subdue.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To tame land by cultivation.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To bring under control.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' To satisfy a creditor, [[m|en|pay]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[impacatus]]

+ * [[pācātiō]]

+ * [[pācātōrius]]

+ * [[perpācō]]

+ * [[pācātor]]

+ * [[compācō]]

+ * [[pācātē]]

+ * [[pācātum]]

+ * [[pācātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pācālis]]

+ * [[pācifer]]

+ * [[pācificātiō]]

+ * [[pācificātor]]

+ * [[pācificē]]

+ * [[pācificō]]

+ * [[pācificus]]

+ * [[pāx]]

+ * [[pacīscor]]

+ * [[en|pay]]

+ * [[en|pacify]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ An archaic ''pacō, pacere'' “to agree”, the base of ''pacīscor'', appears in the Law of the Twelve Tables: ''nī cum eō pacit, taliō estō'' “unless he comes to terms with him, let there be retaliation”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}