instigo Latin · revision 6965

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Terence|origins=ine-pro *(s)teyg-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ĩːˈstiː.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [inˈstiː.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''īnstīgō''' (present infinitive īnstīgāre, perfect active īnstīgāvī, supine īnstīgātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[in-]] and an unattested *stīgō “to prick”, from [[ine-pro|*(s)teyg-|t=to be sharp]], though the details are uncertain: it may be a denominative from Proto-Italic *(s)teigos, or a compound of an older *stīgō.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cognate with [[stilus]], [[grc|στίζω|tr=stízō|t=to prick, mark]] and [[gem-pro|*stikaną|t=to stick, stab]].^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) The TLL doubts the connection with [[īnstinguō]] and suggests other roots.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Terence, of provoking, and Gaffiot cites Terence's ''Andria''.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Terence 190–159 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to incite, urge, drive to an action, as Caesar, to urge on in an action, as Virgil, and to provoke to anger, goad, as Terence, and Cicero's ''īnstīgante tē'' “at your instigation”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) From Seneca it meant to rouse feelings or forces.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein explains that ''incitāre'' is to urge to an action by bidding, often a laudable one, ''īnstīgāre'' to goad.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to urge, stimulate, stir up, incite, rouse.^(Stelten 1995) [[en|instigate]] came in the 1540s, from its participle or from ''īnstīgātiō''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of provoking.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of inciting.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero has ''īnstīgante tē''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1540s – English ''instigate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To incite, urge, drive on; to urge on.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To provoke, goad.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To rouse feelings.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[instīgātiō]]

+ * [[īnstīgātor]]

+ * [[instīgātrix]]

+ * [[instīgātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[stilus]]

+ * [[īnstinguō]]

+ * [[incitō]]

+ * [[stimulus]]

+ * [[en|instigate]]

+ * [[en|stick]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}