propago Latin · revision 6955

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cato|origins=ine-pro *peh₂ǵ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [proːˈpaː.ɡoː], [prɔˈpaː.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [proˈpaː.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prō̆pāgō''' (present infinitive prō̆pāgāre, perfect active prō̆pāgāvī, supine prō̆pāgātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[prō-]] and the root of [[pangō]] “to fix, fasten”, [[ine-pro|*peh₂ǵ-|t=to attach]], so “to fasten down (a slip)”.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The OLD derives it from the noun ⟨prōpāgēs⟩ “offspring, slip”.^(OLD 2012) The TLL takes it, like the nouns ⟨prōpāgēs⟩ and ⟨prōpāgō⟩, from a lost *prōpingere, compare [[compāgō]] from [[compingō]].^(TLL) The first vowel is long in Lucretius and inscriptions, short in other places of Lucretius and in Silius.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Cato, of propagating a plant by layers.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cato 234–149 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to propagate a plant by layering or slips, as in Cato and Pliny, and more widely to make a plant reproduce, and in Varro to extend a plant by growth.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) From Cicero it meant to continue a family or race by procreation, and to hand down a name or tradition to posterity.^(OLD 2012) It meant to prolong a period, as early as Pacuvius, to extend boundaries or a territory, as in Varro, and in Tacitus to increase.^(OLD 2012) Cicero speaks figuratively of perpetuating a thing.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to spread, extend, enlarge, propagate.^(Stelten 1995) [[en|propagate]] came in the 1560s from its participle, and [[en|propaganda]] from the New Latin ''Congregātiō dē prōpāgandā fidē''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of layering plants.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius uses it of prolonging.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of extending boundaries.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of continuing a race.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1560s – English ''propagate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To propagate a plant by layers or slips; to make a plant reproduce.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To continue a family by procreation.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To hand down to posterity, perpetuate.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To prolong.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To extend, enlarge; to increase.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[prōpāgātiō]]

+ * [[propāgātor]]

+ * [[prōpāgēs]]

+ * [[propagmen]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pangō]]

+ * [[compāgō]]

+ * [[prōlēs]]

+ * [[en|propagate]]

+ * [[en|propaganda]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The noun ''prōpāgō, -inis'' (usually with short ''prŏ-'') meant a layer or slip for propagating a plant, as in Cicero, and figuratively offspring, a generation or race, as in Lucretius and Ovid.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It survives in Italian ''propaggine'' and French ''provin''.^(Wiktionary) Döderlein lists it among words for descendants, as against ''stirps'' and ''genus'' for ancestry.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}