tributum Latin · revision 6952

16 Oct 2026, 12:49 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Varro|origins=la tribus}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [trɪˈbuː.tũː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [triˈbuː.tum]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''tribūtum''' ''n'' (genitive tribūtī); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is the neuter of [[tribūtus]], participle of [[tribuō]] “to allot”, used as a noun.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Varro says it is named from the tribes, because the money imposed on the people was collected tribe by tribe from each in proportion to his census.^(Varro)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's first source is Varro, whom he dates 116–27 BC.^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's earliest citation for the tax is from Cicero.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant a tax or levy, at first an occasional war tax paid by Roman citizens through the tribes, as Cicero's ''tribūtum cōnferre'', and tribute paid to other powers, as Caesar's ''tribūtum pendere''.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Ulpian it was a tax on something, and a sum due to creditors.^(OLD 2012) Ovid uses it figuratively of an offering.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant tribute, tax, contribution.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it of a state tax, a rent and labour service, and British Medieval Latin had ''tribūtum nātūrae solvere'' “to pay nature's debt”, to die.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) [[en|tribute]] came in the mid-14th century through Anglo-French and directly from Latin.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 116–27 BC – Varro explains it from the tribes.^(Varro)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a tax.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of tribute.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * mid-14th century – English ''tribute'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|tax]], levy; [[m|en|tribute]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # A contribution, offering.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A sum due to creditors.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A rent; labour service.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[tribūtārius]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[tribuō]]
+ * [[tribus]]
+ * [[vectīgal]]
+ * [[en|tribute]]
+ * [[en|tributary]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}