horror Latin · revision 6950

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la horreō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈhɔr.rɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɔr.ror]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''horror''' ''m'' (genitive horrōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[horreō]] “to bristle, shudder” with the suffix [[-or]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary traces it to a Proto-Italic *horzōs remodelled as an ⟨r⟩-stem.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of trembling with fear and of dread.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its literal sense was bristling, of hair standing on end, which Lewis and Short call only poetic and very rare, as Lucan's sea “not ruffled” (''nōn horrōre tremit'').^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It meant stiffness from cold, as in Lucretius, roughness of appearance or of style, a discordant sound, and grimness of manner.^(OLD 2012) It meant shivering from cold or fever, and trembling from fear, then dread, horror, and in Lucretius religious awe.^(OLD 2012) It also meant something that inspires horror, and a person who is the terror of a place.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant dread, horror.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it of aversion and abhorrence.^(Niermeyer 1976) [[en|horror]] came in the early 14th century, from Old French and directly from Latin, first as “feeling of disgust”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of trembling and dread.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of stiffness, of harsh sound and of religious awe.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it of bristling.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 14th century – English ''horror'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A bristling, standing on end; the ruffling of water.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Stiffness from cold.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Roughness, uncouthness; a harsh sound; grimness.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Shivering]], trembling, from cold or from fear.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Dread]], horror; religious awe.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A source of horror; a terror.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Aversion, [[m|en|abhorrence]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[horrifer]]

+ * [[horrificō]]

+ * [[horrificus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[horrendus]]

+ * [[horridus]]

+ * [[horribilis]]

+ * [[horreō]]

+ * [[en|horror]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}