effigies Latin · revision 695

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɛfˈfɪ.ɡi.eːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [efˈfiː.d͡ʒi.es]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''effigiēs''' ''f'' (genitive effigiēī); fifth declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[effingo|alt=effingere]] “to portray, reproduce” with the suffix [[m|la|-iēs]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) ''Effingere'' is a compound of [[m|la|ex-]] and [[fingo|alt=fingere]] “to shape, mould”.^(Etymonline) The ⟨g⟩ of effigiēs was taken over from fingō, according to de Vaan.^(de Vaan 2008) An older form [[m|la|effigia]] occurs in Plautus, Afranius and Lucretius.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The form ''effigia'' appears in Plautus, of an [[m|en|image]] of Venus,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and ''effigies'' is attested from Cicero onwards.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant an artistic representation, a statue or portrait, as of Ceres in Cicero or of ancestors carved in cedar in Virgil.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It also meant a symbol of an idea, and a model for imitation, as when Cicero calls Xenophon's Cyrus a picture of just rule.^(OLD 2012) Of persons it meant a copy or likeness, as of a child resembling a parent.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It also meant an incorporeal likeness: a ghost or phantom, the films that Lucretius and the Epicureans thought were given off by objects, and a reflection.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) More generally it meant outward appearance or shape.^(OLD 2012) English borrowed it in the 1530s through French as [[en|effigy]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses ''effigia'' for an image of Venus.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses ''effigiae'' for the films given off by things.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses ''effigies'' for a statue and a model.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil writes of effigies of ancestors.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1530s – English borrows it as [[en|effigy]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A statue, portrait, [[m|en|effigy]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A symbol; a model for imitation.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A copy, likeness, [[m|en|image]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A ghost, phantom, ''(Epicurean philosophy)'' a film given off by objects; a reflection.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Outward appearance, shape.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[effigiō]]

+ * [[effingō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fingō]]

+ * [[en|effigy]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}